Thursday, November 19, 2009

Installing LAMP On Ubuntu For Newbies

Install Apache

1. Open up the Terminal (Applications > Accessories > Terminal).

2. Copy/Paste the following line of code into Terminal and then press enter:

sudo apt-get install apache2

3. The Terminal will then ask you for you're password, type it and then press enter.

Testing Apache

To make sure everything installed correctly we will now test Apache to ensure it is working properly.

1. Open up any web browser and then enter the following into the web address:

http://localhost/

You should see a folder entitled apache2-default/. Open it and you will see a message saying "It works!" , congrats to you!

Install PHP

In this part we will install PHP 5.

Step 1. Again open up the Terminal.

Step 2. Copy/Paste the following line into Terminal and press enter:

sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5

Step 3. In order for PHP to work and be compatible with Apache we must restart it. Type the following code in Terminal to do this:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Test PHP

To ensure there are no issues with PHP let's give it a quick test run.

Step 1. In the terminal copy/paste the following line:

sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php

This will open up a file called phptest.php.

Step 2. Copy/Paste this line into the phptest file:

Step 3. Save and close the file.

Step 4. Now open you're web browser and type the following into the web address:

http://localhost/testphp.php

The page should look like this:

Test PHP Page:

Congrats you have now installed both Apache and PHP!

Install MySQL

To finish this guide up we will install MySQL. (Note - Out of Apache and PHP, MySQL is the most difficult to set up. I will provide some great resources for anyone having trouble at the end of this guide.)

Step 1. Once again open up the amazing Terminal and then copy/paste this line:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Step 2 (optional). In order for other computers on your network to view the server you have created, you must first edit the "Bind Address". Begin by opening up Terminal to edit the my.cnf file.

gksudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Change the line

bind-address = 127.0.0.1

And change the 127.0.0.1 to your IP address.

Step 3. This is where things may start to get tricky. Begin by typing the following into Terminal:

mysql -u root

Following that copy/paste this line:

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('yourpassword');

(Make sure to change yourpassword to a password of your choice.)

Step 4. We are now going to install a program called phpMyAdmin which is an easy tool to edit your databases. Copy/paste the following line into Terminal:

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql phpmyadmin

After that is installed our next task is to get PHP to work with MySQL. To do this we will need to open a file entitled php.ini. To open it type the following:

gksudo gedit /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

Now we are going to have to uncomment the following line by taking out the semicolon (;).

;extension=mysql.so

To look like this:

extension=mysql.so

Now just restart Apache and you are all set!

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Quick note to anyone who encountered problems with setting up the MySQL password, please refer to this page: MysqlPasswordReset

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M.Tech CSE II year
Project: Cloud Computing

CLOUD computing is an emerging computing paradigm which combines the technologies like grid computing utility computing, virtualization and clustering to provide a set of services to the cloud customer. Cloud is a higher level abstraction, where the underlying hardware and software details are hidden from the user. The end user can avail the various services provided by the cloud to build his/her applications.
The services that can be provided from the cloud includes Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Software as a Service rent applications functionality from the service provider so that the client can avoid purchasing, installing and running the software necessary for the application. Salesfroce.com is one such company which is providing the service of this type. In Platform as a Service, the idea is to provide the necessary platform for developing and executing the client application. Google and Microsoft are two major players in providing PaaS. In PaaS, the services provided include database management, security, Work flow management, application serving. The computational power and storage space required for the application are also offered as a service from the cloud which is known as Infrastructure as a Service.

Problem Statement

To achieve semantic interoperability between web applications (such as JSP, PHP) using XML. Development of algorithms for prototype implementation to test the methodology specifically by converting JSP to PHP and PHP to JSP using XML as an intermediate representation.

For more details:
http://sites.google.com/site/cloudcomputingfamily/


Programming Skills
Every body knows C/C++ basically. I have very much fond of Java.




Linux Basics

1. Creating Linux Partitions

After booting the installation media, run fdisk by typing

fdisk <drive>

where drive is the Linux device name of the drive you plan to add partitions. For instance, if you want to run fdisk on the first SCSI disk in your system, use the command fdisk /dev/sda. /dev/hda (the first IDE drive) is the default if you don't specify one.

If you are creating Linux partitions on more than one drive, run fdisk once for each drive.

veeresh@veeresh-desktop:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/hda

Command (m for help):

Here fdisk is waiting for a command; you can type m to get a list of options.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help):p

Disk /dev/hda: 16 heads, 38 sectors, 683 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 608 * 512 bytes 

   Device Boot  Begin   Start     End  Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hda1   *       1       1     203   61693    6  DOS 16-bit >=32M
Command (m for help):
In this example, we have a single MS-DOS partition on /dev/hda1, which is 61693 blocks (about 60 megs).This partition starts at cylinder number 1, and ends on cylinder 203. We have a total of 683 cylinders in this disk; so there are 480 cylinders left to create Linux partitions on.

To create a new partition, use the n command. In this example, we'll create two primary partitions (/dev/hda2 and /dev/hda3) for Linux.

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p

Here, fdisk is asking the type of the partition to create: extended or primary. In our example, we're creating only primary partitions, so we choose p.

Partition number (1-4):

fdisk will then ask for the number of the partition to create; since partition 1 is already used, our first Linux partition will be number 2.

Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (204-683):

Now enter the starting cylinder number of the partition. Since cylinders 204 through 683 are unused, we'll use the first available one (numbered 204). There's no reason to leave empty space between partitions.

First cylinder (204-683): 204
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (204-683):

fdisk is asking for the size of the partition to create. We can either specify an ending cylinder number, or a size in bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes. Since we want our partition to be 80 megs in size, we specify +80M. When specifying a partition size in this way, fdisk will round the actual partition size to the nearest number of cylinders.

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (204-683): +80M

Warning: Linux cannot currently use 33090 sectors of this partition

If you see a warning message such as this, it can be ignored. fdisk prints the warning because it's an older program, and dates before the time that Linux partitions were allowed to be larger than 64 megabytes.

Now we're ready to create our second Linux partition. For sake of demonstration, we'll create it with a size of 10 megabytes.

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (474-683): 474
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (474-683): +10M

At last, we'll display the partition table. Again, write down all of this information---especially the block sizes of your new partitions. You'll need to know the sizes of the partitions when creating filesystems, later. Also, verify that none of your partitions overlap.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/hda: 16 heads, 38 sectors, 683 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 608 * 512 bytes 

   Device Boot  Begin   Start     End  Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hda1   *       1       1     203   61693    6  DOS 16-bit >=32M
/dev/hda2         204     204     473   82080   81  Linux/MINIX


/dev/hda3         474     474     507   10336   81  Linux/MINIX

As you can see, /dev/hda2 is now a partition of size 82080 blocks(which corresponds to about 80 megabytes), and /dev/hda3 is 10336 blocks (about 10 megs).

Finally, we use the w command to write the changes to disk and exit fdisk.

Command (m for help): w

Thus Linux partitions are created successfully.


2. How to setup Internet connection in linux environment?
All of us know about setting ipaddress details in Network connections icon which is on system tray. To setup permanently follow the steps:
open the terminal:
veeresh@veeresh-desktop:~$ sudo su
[sudo] password for veeresh: *****
veeresh@veeresh-desktop:~$ gedit /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.3.182
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.3.1
auto eth0
veeresh@veeresh-desktop:~$ gedit /etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.254.2
nameserver 192.168.254.3
veeresh@veeresh-desktop:~$ /etc/init.d/networking restart
Note: In fedora use setup command on the terminal to configure the ipaddress.

3. Tool for CD/DVD R/W k3b (like Neuro 7 in Windows)
K3b is a CD and DVD writing ('burning') application.

Key Features
  • KDE-friendly application
  • Write data disks
  • Write audio disks
  • Write 'images' to disk (e.g. Linux distributions)
  • Copy disks
Installation
open the terminal:
veeresh@veeresh-desktop:~$ sudo apt-get install k3b
After successful installation
veeresh@veeresh-desktop:~$ k3b